Fibrinopeptide A, human is a 16-residue short polypeptide cleaved from fibrinogen by thrombin. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) is produced from the N-terminal Aα region of fibrinogen protein, on cleavage by thrombin.

Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an isoflavone isolated from extracts of Potentilla astracanica. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a potent and uncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 56.05 μg/mL. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes.

Pyranine is reported as a new class of fluorescent chemosensor for the Cu+ ion.