Oxalic acid is a strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.

Acetyl-Adhesin (1025-1044) amide is a 20-peptide fragment of Streptococcus pyogenes cell surface adhesin that acts as an antimicrobial peptide to specifically inhibit the binding of adhesin to salivary receptors and prevent recolonization of Streptococcus pyogenes.

Ecabapide (DQ-2511) is a novel gastrointestinal motility promoter that significantly enhances gastric emptying in SHRSP.Ecabapide activates cyclic GMP-dependent housekeeping Cl- channels in rabbit gastric wall cells.