Calcium glucoheptonate is the calcium salt of (2xi)-D-gluco-heptonic acid. It is used as a calcium supplement for treatment of hypocalcemia.

DL-Alanine is an amino acid that is a racemic compound of L- and D-alanine.DL-Alanine is often used as a reducing and capping agent in conjunction with aqueous silver nitrate for nanoparticle generation.DL-Alanine is a sweetening agent, and can be grouped with glycine and sodium saccharin.

iRGD peptide is a 9-amino acid cyclic peptide (sequence: CRGDKGPDC) and a molecular mimicry agent that was originally identified in an in vivo screening of phage display libraries in tumor-bearing mice.