Monomethyl glutaric acid is a metabolite of dibasic esters(DBEs) by nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosae in vitro demonstrated that hydrolysis of DBEs yields mainly the monomethyl esters (monomethyl adipate monomethyl. glutarate and monomethyl succinate).

The fruits of Piper nigrum L.

1-O-Acetyl britannilactone shows antifungal, and anti-cancer activities, it suppresses angiogenesis and lung cancer cell growth possibly via regulating the VEGFR-Src-FAK signaling.