Amyloid β-Protein (3-42) is the precursor of Pyr peptide. Pyroglutamate-modified Aβ (pEAβ) (3-42) is the core of the amyloid template block in Alzheimer's disease. pEAβ(3-42) accelerated the aggregation of Aβ(1-42), while Aβ(1-42) significantly slowed the primary and secondary nucleation of pEAβ(3-42).

Orsellinic acid, more specifically o-orsellinic acid, is a phenolic acid. It is of importance in the biochemistry of lichens, from which it can be extracted.

Rotundatin is a natural product from Dendrobium rotundatum.