Lactic acid is an organic acid. It is a chiral molecule consisting of two optical isomers L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid with the L-isomer being the most common in living organisms. Lactic acid also is a microbial metabolite.

Gossypetin 3-sophoroside-7-glucoside

PAR3 (1-6) is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of human PAR3 and residues 39-44 of the full-length human sequence. PAR3 (1-6) activates p42/44 MAPK signaling in fibroblasts expressing PAR1, but not PAR3, an effect that can be blocked by the PAR1 antagonist RWJ 56110.