N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 (compound 2) is a N-acetyldopamine dimer that can be isolated from the yellow powder form Periostracum Cicadae with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, ROS generation, NO production, and NF-κB activity.

LL-37 FKR is the C-terminal fragment of LL-37. LL-37 FKR plays an important role in antibacterial performance.

Elamipretide Triacetate is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that readily penetrates cell membranes and transiently localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane where it associates with cardiolipin.