Ergosterol peroxide is an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation, which has antiviral, trypanocidal, antitumor, and antiangiogenic actions, it can stimulate Foxo3a activity by inhibiting pAKT and c-Myc and activating pro-apoptotic protein Puma and Bax to induce cancer cell death.

6-Hydroxygenistein is an isoflavonoid compound that can be found in Baptisia hirsuta and serves as a key precursor for the synthesis of various methylated isoflavonoids.

This is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1 a) 19-mer fragment. HIF-1 functions as master regulator of response to oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia-induced gene expression is initiated when HIF-1 subunit is stabilized in response to a lack of oxygen. This part of HIF-1 binds to the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the proline 564 is absolutely critical to the binding process.