116-9e (MAL2-11B) is a potent Hsp70 co-chaperone DNAJA1 inhibitor with antiviral properties, inhibiting simian virus 40 (SV40) replication, tumour antigen (TAg) endogenous ATPase activity, and TAg-mediated activation of Hsp70. 116-9e can be used to study cancer drug resistance.

Cepharanthine is a biscoclaurine alkaloid inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated NFκB stimulation, plasma membrane lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregation and suppressing cytokine production.

Spantide I, a substance P analog, is a selective NK1 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 230 nM and 8150 nM for NK1 and NK2 receptor, respectively. Spantide I provides an approach to reduce type 1 and enhance the type 2 cytokine IL-10 in the infected cornea, leading to a significant reduction in corneal perforation.