In cells D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) is generated when glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase or glucokinase or by the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase during glycogenolysis. G6P lies at the beginning of both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathways. It also can be stored as glycogen when blood glucose levels are high.

Lophanthoidin E is a kind of natural product derived from the herbs of Rabdosia lophanthoides.

Amylin (8-37), rat is a truncated analog of native Amylin that selectively inhibits insulin-related glucose uptake and glycogen deposition in muscle tissue. Amylin is also known as islet amyloid precursor peptide (IAPP) and is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic β-cells.