AR9281 is a potent and selective inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (s-EH) potentially for the treatment of hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Astragaloside may protect against brain contusion and neuronal apoptosis after TBI by attenuating microglia activation in male rats. Astragalosides-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells may be associated with down-regulation of the expression of BCL-2 and NF-κB finally the relative activity of caspase-3 activated.

L-alpha-Aminobutyric acid also known as (S)-2-aminobutanoic acid homoalanine 2-AABA ethylglycine or L-butyrine is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-Aminobutyric acid is a non-proteogenic amino acid that can be found in the human kidney in liver tissues and in most biofluids or excreta (e.g. feces breast milk urine and blood).