Sempervirine nitrate , a specific molecular inhibitor of Mdm2, to MEF cells abrogated Period 2 ubiquitination leading to the accumulation of a stable pool of Period 2.

Chrysin 6-C-arabinoside 8-C-glucoside and chrysin-6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinoside are α±-glucosidase inhibitors, α±-glucosidase inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Human proinsulin, the single-chain peptide precursor of insulin, consists of the insulin A and B chains connected by the 31 amino acid C-peptide. Cleavage of proinsulin by proteolytic enzymes produces insulin and free C-peptide.