L-Dihydroorotic acid also known as (S)-45-dihydroorotate or dihydro-L-orotate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic acid found in mammalian cells.

Secretin (swine), a neuroendocrine hormone, is the first hormone to be identifie and is secreted by S cells that are localized primarily in the mucosa of the duodenum. Secretin also is a 27-amino acid peptide, which acts on secretin receptors. Secretin is expressed by cells in all mature enteroendocrine cell subsets and can be prompted by fatty acids. Secretin stimulates the secretion of pancreatic water and bicarbonate. Secretin exerts various effects in organs, can be used for the research of digestive system, central nervous system and energy metabolism.