N-Acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) is a terminal essential amino sugar derived from galactose and forms the antigens of blood group A in humans.

Antennapedia Peptide TFA is a 16 amino acid peptide (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK). The DNA binding domain of the Drosophila transcription factor (Antennapedia), a 60 amino acid protein, is rapidly taken up by cells and has been fused to selected antigens to enhance their immunogenicity. A 16 amino acid peptide Antennapedia Peptide TFA from Antennapedia can facilitate the cytoplasmic uptake of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope 9-mer peptides.

Lycobetaine acetate is a potential biofungicide against Penicillium roqueforti and Aspergillus niger.2. Ungeremine have strong antibacterial activity against Flavobacterium columnare.