Isophorone (355-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) a monoterpene and the structurally related 18-cineole and camphor have demonstrated a protective effect against cancer biological activity against a variety of microorganisms and anti-oxidant properties.

Derivatives of pimelic acid are involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid called lysine.

D-proline is an isomer of the naturally occurring amino acid L-Proline. D-amino acids have been found in relatively high abundance in human plasma and saliva. These amino acids may be of bacterial origin but there is also evidence that they are endogenously produced through amino acid racemase activity.