Polysorbate 20 (Tween-20) ,sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives, is used in the formulation of biotherapeutic products for both preventing surface adsorption and as a stabilizer against protein aggregation.

[Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) is a mutant peptide fragment of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), with the tryptophan and histidine at positions 144 and 147 respectively replaced by leucine and arginine. [Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) also serves as a T cell receptor (TCR) antagonist for encephalitogenic Th1 clones, blocking their activation in vitro. Furthermore, [Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) can inhibit the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

AMARA peptide is a substrate for SIK and AMPK.AMARA peptide is a minimal substrate of several members of the protein kinases family. It consists of the phosphorylation site for AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK).