D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt is a compound widely present in biological systems. It is a molecule formed when glucose undergoes phosphorylation at the 6th carbon.

(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride is a synthetic carnitine related compound used as a transporter substrate in the cloning and sequencing of human carnitine transporter 2 (CT2).

Tuftsin diacetate, a tetrapeptide, is a macrophage/microglial activator. Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, which resides in the Fc-domain of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G. Tuftsin possesses a broad spectrum of activities related primarily to the immune system function and exerts on phagocytic cells, notably on macrophages.