2'-Deoxyguanosine (Guanine deoxyriboside) is a purine nucleoside that is recognized by members of the 2'-dG-II family.2'-Deoxyguanosine has been associated with aging, mutation, and carcinogenesis, and is oxidized by molecular oxygen.

Tuftsin diacetate, a tetrapeptide, is a macrophage/microglial activator. Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, which resides in the Fc-domain of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G. Tuftsin possesses a broad spectrum of activities related primarily to the immune system function and exerts on phagocytic cells, notably on macrophages.

Oleamide (Oleic acid amide) is an endogenous fatty acid amide and can be used in the synthesis of de novo in the mammalian nervous system.