Ethyl pyruvate is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic functions.

Morroniside would act as a regulator of hepatic inflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism in db/db mice.

Scutellarin, an active flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, can inhibit RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoclasts, and down-regulate the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling in HCC cells.