2,3-Pentanedione is a food additive that also occurs naturally as a fermentation product in beer, wine and yogurt and is released during the roasting of coffee beans.

α-Conotoxin Im-I is a selective α7/α9 nAChR antagonist, blocking α7 nicotinic receptors with the highest apparent affinity, while having an 8-fold lower affinity for homomeric α9 nicotinic receptors. α-Conotoxin Im-I is toxic and induces seizures in rodents. α-Conotoxin Im-I is a tool for studying neuronal nAChR.

3-Phenyllactic acid (PhLA) is a broad spectrum antimicrobial compound active against bacteria and fungi.