Potent, high affinity apelin receptor agonist (IC50 = 0.27 nM; Kd = 0.51 nM). Exhibits no binding GPR15 and GPR25. Activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes self-renewal of hESCs via cell-cycle progression and protein translation. Also potentiates the TGFβ pathway, priming hESCs toward the endoderm lineage. Stimulates angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. Relaxes mouse aortic vessels. Functions as an anorexigenic hormone through activation of the AVP and CRH neurons in the PVN.

BDC2.5 mimotope 1040-51 is a mimotope peptide for diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. isolated from non-obese diabetic mice.This is a effectively agonistic peptide (mimotope) for diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. T cells from prediabetic and diabetic NODs respond to BDC2.5 mimotope peptides.

Valnemulin HCl is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to the peptidyl transferase component of the 50S subunit of ribosomes.