3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans.

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt activates the signal transducing G proteins which are involved in various cellular processes including proliferation differentiation and activation of several intracellular kinase cascades.Proliferation and apoptosis are regulated in part by the hydrolysis of GTP by small GTPases Ras and Rho.

Petroselinic acid is a monounsaturated omega-12 fatty acid found naturally in plant and animal oils and fats.