Neotuberostemonine (NTS) is one of the main antitussive alkaloids in the root of Stemona tuberosa Lour it has a significant protective effect on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis through suppressing the recruitment and M2 polarization of macrophages. Neotuberostemonine demonstrates antitussive properties in guinea pigs.

Euscaphic acid has anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction to downregulate NF-κB activations.

ABT-702 dihydrochloride is a potent adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitor.