Silydianin exerts inhibition of UGT in human liver. Silydianin exerts inhibition of OATP1B1 OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 cells. Silydianin exerts inhibition of OATP2B1 expressed in MDCK2 cells.

8-Hydroxygenistein (8-OHG) is an antioxidant that can effectively scavenge nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O??). 8-Hydroxygenistein belongs to ortho-dihydroxy isoflavones (ODI) and is abundantly present in dark soy sauce and light soy sauce. Its antioxidant activity is stronger than that of its parent compound genistein. The content of 8-Hydroxygenistein is positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity of soy sauce (r = 0.959), and it remains highly stable even after being heated in boiling water for 60 minutes. During the brewing and storage of soy sauce, 8-Hydroxygenistein effectively prevents oxidative damage, making it promising for use in food antioxidant research.

Acacetin 7-O-(6-O-malonylglucoside) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor with strong inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with IC50 values ??of 2.34and 1.87 μM, respectively. Acacetin 7-O-(6-O-malonylglucoside) is a reversible MAO inhibitor that can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases and affective disorders.