α-Viniferin belongs to a class of organic compounds, also known as 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids, that are inhibitors of prostaglandin H2 synthetase. α-Viniferin has anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-tuberculosis, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes and other pharmacological activitie.

Big Endothelin-1 (22-38), human is derived from human, is the 22-38 fragment of Big Endothelin-1 (ET-1) (1-38). Big ET-1 (1-38) is a propeptide of ET-1, which has potent and long-lasting vasoconstrictor effects, equips a specific enzymatic cleavage of the 38 amino acid chain to form ET-1 (1-21) and the C-terminal fragment Big ET-1 (22-38).

ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) can be found in a number of food items such as natal plum lemon verbena half-highbush blueberry and parsley which makes ortho-hydroxyphenylacetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found primarily in blood feces and urine.