8-Hydroxygenistein (8-OHG) is an antioxidant that can effectively scavenge nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O??). 8-Hydroxygenistein belongs to ortho-dihydroxy isoflavones (ODI) and is abundantly present in dark soy sauce and light soy sauce. Its antioxidant activity is stronger than that of its parent compound genistein. The content of 8-Hydroxygenistein is positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity of soy sauce (r = 0.959), and it remains highly stable even after being heated in boiling water for 60 minutes. During the brewing and storage of soy sauce, 8-Hydroxygenistein effectively prevents oxidative damage, making it promising for use in food antioxidant research.

Lupeol palmitate is a naturally occurring compound that can be extracted from Ligularia songarica and has antiulcer activity and gastrointestinal protection.

D-Luciferin Sodium is a heterocyclic light-emitting compound and natural ligand for luciferase used to detect cell activity.