Gefapixant citrate is an orally active P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) antagonist that acts on human homologous recombinant hP2X3 (IC50: ~30 nM) and hP2X2/3 (IC50: 100-200 nM).

Diaminopimelic acid or DAPA is a lysine-like amino acid derivative that is a key component of the bacterial cell wall. DAPA is incorporated or integrated into peptidoglycan of gram negative bacteria and is the attachment point for Braun's lipoprotein (BLP or Murein Lipoprotein). BLP is found in gram-negative cell walls and is one of the most abundant membrane proteins.

3-Hydroxy-910-dimethoxyptercarpan is derived from Astragalus and has antibacterial and anti-cancer effects.