Aftin-4, an amyloid forty-two inducer, activates γ-secretase, promoting the generation of amyloid-β-1-42 (Aβ1-42) from amyloid-β protein precursor.

Xanthosine is produced by guanine-free mutants of bacteria e.g. Bacillus subtilis Aerobacter aerogenes. Xanthosine monophosphate is an intermediate in purine metabolism formed from IMP and forming GMP.

SHMT-IN-2 (compound 2) is a specific human SHMT1/2 small molecule inhibitor that acts on SHMT1 (IC50: 13 nM) and SHMT2 (IC50: 66 nM). SHMT-IN-2 inhibits the growth of many human cancer cells and is sensitive to B-cell lymphoma.