(β-Asp5)-Delta-Sleep Inducing Peptide (DSIP-isoD) is a synthetic polypeptide that can be partially hydrolyzed by NaOH or SDS. (β-Asp5)-Delta-Sleep Inducing Peptide can be used to study the catalytic activity of mitochondrial protein L-isoaspartyl (D-aspartyl) methyltransferase (PIMT).

Carmine (Carmine red) is an azo dye derived from dried Dactylopius coccus var. Costa and is an added food coloring.Carmine causes immediate hypersensitivity and delayed systemic reactions.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a well-known redox enzyme cofactor PQQ?can protect NS/PCs against glutamate toxicity associated with ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway