Aspartic Acid is a non-essential amino acid in humans, Aspartic Acid has an overall negative charge and plays an important role in the synthesis of other amino acids and in the citric acid and urea cycles.

4-methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone is derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and improves mitochondrial functionality to protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity.

Lentinan isolated and purified from a hot water extract of Lentinula edodes fruit bodies is a fungal polysaccharide immunomodulator with anti-tumor effects.