2-Hydroxycaproic acid is a branched-chain alpha-keto acid that has been reported in normal human blood and in normal amniotic fluid. It has been found that 2-Hydroxycaproic acid is the most significant metabolite found in the CSF of patients infected with Nocardia.

FEN1-IN-1 is an inhibitor of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1). FEN1-IN-1 binds to the active site of FEN1. It partly achieves inhibition by the co-ordination of Mg2+ ions.

Galloylalbiflorin (6′-O-Galloylalbiflorin) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist (IC50=53.3 μM) and can be found in the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. Galloylalbiflorin shows anti-androgens activity.