Toringin, a bioflavonoid, is isolated from the bark of Docyniopsis tschonoski. Toringin progressively decreases not only the cis-effect of the expanded CTG repeats but cytotoxicity as well. Exposure to isosakuranetin, Toringin rescues PC12 neuronal cells. Flavonoids are efficacious for ameliorating the RNA gain of function caused by expanded CTG repeats, and have various biological activities and beneficial actions against cancers, coronary heart disease, among other pathologies.

(Z)-PUGNAc, a potent O-GlcNAcase inhibitor more active than (E)-PUGNAc, removes O-GlcNAc from proteins (peptide O-GlcNAc-β-N-acetylaminoglucosidase) and can be used to increase levels of O-GlcNAc on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in vivo.

High affinity apelin receptor agonist. Binds apelin receptors in left ventricle from normal and pulmonary arterial hypertensive (PAH) hearts (pKi values are 9.31 and 9.46, respectively). Bioactive fragment of ELA-32. Inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP production and stimulates β-arrestin recruitment in vitro.