Proinsulin C-peptide (human) is a 31-amino acid peptide that connects the Proinsulin a and B chains, ensuring its proper folding, biological activity, and regulation of cellular functions.

BMS-593214 is an active site-directed factor (F) VIIa inhibitor that exhibits antithrombotic and antihaemostatic properties.

Lactose is the major sugar present in milk and the main source of energy supplied to the newborn mammalian in its mother's milk. Lactose is also an important osmotic regulator of lactation.