3-hydroxybutyric acid is involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Like the other ketone bodies (acetoacetate and acetone) levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate are raised in the blood and urine in ketosis. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is a typical partial-degradation product of branched-chain amino acids (primarily valine) released from muscle for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis.

Linzagolix is a small-molecule, non-peptide, orally active gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH antagonist) which is under development by Kissei Pharmaceutical and ObsEva for the treatment of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and adenomyosis.

GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-13), human is an amino acid peptide fragment derived from GnRH. GAP can increase the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in rat anterior pituitary cells. GAP also inhibit the secretion of prolactin.