Prunetin significantly reduces serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and mortality in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide.

Human proinsulin, the single-chain peptide precursor of insulin, consists of the insulin A and B chains connected by the 31 amino acid C-peptide. Cleavage of proinsulin by proteolytic enzymes produces insulin and free C-peptide.

Mahanimbine is found in the roots, leaves and stems of Murraya koenigii and is an orally active alkaloid extracted from Murraya koenigii.