Petunidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has antioxidant activity.

Ursonic acid belongs to the family of Ursane Triterpenes whose structure is based on the pentacyclic ursane skeleton. It has potential as HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor.

D-Pyroglutamic acid (PCA) is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid physiologically present in mammalian tissues. It has been shown that PCA releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and displays anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in the rat.