4-CPPC is an inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2; IC50= 27 μM).

TAK-981 is a selective the SUMOylation enzymatic cascade inhibitor, has potential immune-activating and antineoplastic activities.

Taccalonolide AJ is a microtubule stabilizer; it has excellent and highly persistent antitumor efficacy when administered directly to the tumor, suggesting that the lack of antitumor efficacy seen with systemic administration of AJ is likely due to its short half-life in vivo.