ERAP1-IN-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) inhibitor. ERAP1-IN-1 competitively inhibits ERAP1 activity towards a nonamer peptide representative of physiological substrates.

Narchinol B (Compound 4) is a sesquiter penoid compound. Narchinol B has anti-inflammatory effects. Narchinol B works by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins,as well as proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1b, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Narchinol B significantly inhibits LPS-induced overproduction of NO in BV2 cells (IC50=2.43 μM).

Raspberry ketone glucoside is a natural product in raspberry fruit has lasting effects for the inhibition of melanogenesis and various melanogenic factors after the degradation in the skin.