Effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formyl methionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.

Muramic acid HCl is part of the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria.

Aspartame is an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages.