Phenylpyruvic acid is a keto-acid that is an intermediate or catabolic byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism. It has a slight honey-like odor. Levels of phenylpyruvate are normally very low in blood or urine. High levels of phenylpyruvic acid can be found in the urine of individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) an inborn error of metabolism.

Isorhamnetin 3-sophoroside-7-rhamnoside is a natural flavonol glycoside. Isorhamnetin 3-sophoroside-7-rhamnoside inhibited the growth of harmful microalgae.

Columbianetin may be helpful in regulating mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses.The absorption of columbianetin acetate is a passive diffusion process without pH-dependent.