Oleonuezhenide is a natural product from Chinese formula Ligustrum lucidum, exerts neuroprotective effects and also considered as treatment of osteoporosis.

Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. Formate is an intermediate in normal metabolism. It is responsible for both metabolic acidosis and disrupting mitochondrial electron transport and energy production by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase activity the terminal electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.

Talmetacin has anti-inflammatory and analgesic and anti-tumour activity and can be used to study cardiovascular disease.