Malonic acid (propanedioic acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: it acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain. Malonic acid is found to be associated with malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency which is an inborn error of metabolism.

4-Octyl Itaconate is a cell-permeable Itaconate derivative. Itaconate is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that activates Nrf2 via alkylation of KEAP1.

Isophorone (355-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) a monoterpene and the structurally related 18-cineole and camphor have demonstrated a protective effect against cancer biological activity against a variety of microorganisms and anti-oxidant properties.