Ligurobustoside N (compound 2) is an antioxidative glycoside that can be isolated from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum. Ligurobustoside N shows antioxidant effects and shows inhibition for AAPH induced hemolysis.

(Arg)9 (Nona-L-arginine) is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) made up of 9 arginine residues, which is an inhibitor of serine endoprotease Furin. (Arg)9 has neuroprotective property, exhibits neuroprotective activity with an IC50 of 0.78 μM in the glutamic acid model.

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