Humanin, an anti-apoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, is a Bax inhibitor. Humanin prevents the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, blocks Bax from the inactive to active conformation. Humanin is a mitochondria-associated peptide with a neuroprotective effect against AD-related neurotoxicity. Humanin also improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal. Humanin are related to aging. Humanin analogue, in which the serine at position 14 is replaced by glycine, names HNG.

Endixaprine (SR 41378) is a small molecule compound used to treat neurological disorders and may be used to study anxiety disorders and epilepsy.

1-Methylpyrrolidine is extensively used in the synthesis of pyrrolidine based ionic liquids.