TUG-424 significantly enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at 100 nM. TUG-424 is a potent and selective free fatty acid receptor 1 agonist (EC50: 32 nM).

Furimazine is an imidazopyrazinone substrate. NanoLuc (Nluc) paired with Furimazine produced 2.5 million-fold brighter luminescence in mammalian cells relative to Oluc-19 with Coelenterazine.

2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (2-hydroxyisovaleric acid) is a metabolite found in the urine of patients with phenylketonuria methylmalonic acidemia propionic acidemia 3-ketothiolase deficiency isovaleric acidemia 3-methylcrotonylglycemia 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acidemia multiple carboxylase deficiency glutaric aciduria ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency glyceroluria tyrosinemia type I galactosemia and maple syrup urine disease.