Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions.

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a nucleoside diphosphate is a potential iron mobilizer which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulating the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway.

Thiamine pyrophosphate is a vitamin B-1 derivative that acts as a coenzyme of transketolase. Thiamine pyrophosphate is used in studies to assess decarboxylation mechanisms in biological systems.