Chebulic acid, a phenolcarboxylic acid compound isolated from Terminalia chebula, has potent anti-oxidant activity, which breaks the cross-links of proteins induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and inhibits the formation of AGEs.

Astragaloside A (Astragaloside IV) is the primary pure saponin isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, which has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Sevelamer HCl is a phosphate binding drug used to treat hyperphosphatemia via binding to dietary phosphate and prevents its absorption.