Vasopressin (argipressin), a cyclic nine-peptide synthesized by hypothalamic neurons, is one of the hormones involved in peptide prohormone synthesis.

Dimethylmalonic acid（2,2-Dimethylmalonic acid） is a short-chain dicarboxylic acid found in human serum that can be used to prevent or retard denaturation of fish actinomyosin in freezing buffer solution (pH 7).

D-Ribose 5-phosphate disodium dihydrate is a key intermediate in the oxidative branch and an end product in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), playing a crucial role in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids .