Porcine dynorphin A (1-13) is a potent, endogenous κ opioid receptor agonist and is antinociceptive at physiological concentrations. Exposure to dynorphin A (1-13) causes acute increases in [Ca2+]i in individual neurons similar to increases seen with acute NMDA treatment.

Abaloparatide TFA (BA 058 TFA) is a parathyroid hormone receptor 1 PTHR1 analogue and an effective and selective activator of the PTHR1 signaling pathway.

Transglutaminase (TG) is a thiolase that induces intermolecular cross-linking of proteins, by catalysing the formation of isopeptide bonds between the γ-carboxamide group of glutamine residues and the primary ε-amine group of other compounds.