Phenylpyruvic acid is a keto-acid that is an intermediate or catabolic byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism. It has a slight honey-like odor. Levels of phenylpyruvate are normally very low in blood or urine. High levels of phenylpyruvic acid can be found in the urine of individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) an inborn error of metabolism.

MS177 is an effective and fast-acting EZH2 degrader. MS177 is a PROTAC that consists of a CRBN ligand, linker, and a potent enzymatic EZH2 inhibitor C24 (C24 IC50): 12?nM). MS177 effectively depletes both canonical EZH2–PRC2 and noncanonical EZH2–cMyc complexes. MS177 induces leukaemia cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression arrest.

Extracellular death factor (EDF) is the only single signaling molecule involved in Escherichia coli quorum sensing, and can initiate MAZEF-mediated cell death. Extracellular death factor significantly amplifies the endoribonucleolytic activities of both MazF and ChpBK.